Process Serving Resources

California service of process, answered

What is service of process?

Service of process means delivering a legal document to the defendant so they receive notice of a lawsuit or legal matter. In California, a case can't move forward until the court has proof the defendant was properly served. Service must follow strict rules about who delivers the papers, where, and how.

Can I serve papers myself in California?

No. In California a party to the case cannot serve their own papers. Service must be carried out by someone who is at least 18 years old and is not a party to the case. That can be a friend, a relative or the sheriff, but a registered process server is the most reliable option because they know the correct method for each document type and prepare a court-ready proof of service.

What is substituted service?

When the defendant isn't home or available, California law allows you to leave papers with a competent adult (age 18+) at their home or workplace, then mail a copy to their last known address afterward. It's permitted under California Code of Civil Procedure §415.20, but service isn't considered complete until the 10th day after mailing, the rules are strict, and it takes longer than personal service.

How long does service of process take?

Jobs are sent to a process server on business days; orders received on a weekend or court holiday go out the next business day. Once the server has the job, Routine service typically has a first attempt within 3-4 days, and attempts may be made on any day, including evenings and weekends. Rush orders get priority handling: orders received before 12pm on a business day are prioritized for a same-day first attempt, otherwise the first attempt is typically made within 1-2 days. Same-day attempts are not guaranteed. Restraining orders, evictions, and orders due within 8 days are always attempted as Rush. All timing depends on server availability and schedule. If substituted service is used, service is not complete until the 10th day after the copy is mailed.

What if the defendant avoids being served?

If we can't locate the defendant after repeated attempts, California law allows other methods: substituted service, service by publication (newspaper notice), or service on the defendant's attorney. We'll advise you on your options and next steps. For detailed guidance, consult your attorney or the court.

What is a proof of service?

A proof of service is a signed declaration filed with the court swearing under penalty of perjury that papers were served correctly: the date, time, location, and method. The court requires this before moving your case forward. A faulty proof can cause serious delays or legal problems.

Does serving papers by mail count in California?

Mail service works for some case types and defendants, but not all. California law is specific about when certified or registered mail is sufficient. If you're unsure whether mail service is appropriate for your case, consult your attorney or the court clerk.

What happens if papers can't be served at all?

California law provides alternatives: substituted service, service by publication (notice in a newspaper), or service on the defendant's attorney. The right method depends on your case type and circumstances. If you're representing yourself, the court clerk can advise; if you have an attorney, they'll guide you.

Do you serve papers in all types of cases?

We serve civil cases: divorce, small claims, eviction, debt collection, restraining orders, and more. We do not serve papers in criminal cases. If you're unsure whether your case is civil or criminal, ask your attorney or the court clerk.

How much does process serving cost?

Routine Service is $120 and Rush Service is $160 for one defendant at one address with the first 20 pages included per party served. Additional defendants at the same address are $65 Routine or $95 Rush. CT Corporation Service is $95, or $130 for CT Corporation Service - Rush when the due date is 8 days or less away. Specialty and out-of-area work is quoted separately. Many courts allow you to add service costs to your claim, and your attorney can advise whether this applies to your case.

California Process Servers is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice. For guidance on your specific case, consult your attorney or the court clerk.